Construction Zones
Construction and maintenance zones often involve changes in road surface, lane closures, temporary signage, and the presence of construction equipment. These factors can create unpredictable and challenging conditions for motorcyclists, who are more susceptible to losing control due to uneven surfaces, loose gravel, or sudden changes in lane alignment. Construction and maintenance best practices that also consider motorcyclists aim to mitigate these risks.
Road Construction & Motorcycle Safety
Road construction and maintenance activities can introduce temporary hazards for all road users, but motorcyclists are particularly vulnerable. Motorcycles are smaller in size and may be hard to see where temporary traffic control devices obscure the motorcyclist. Additionally, the placement of temporary traffic control devices, such as temporary signs, delineating devices, and barriers, can obscure the motorcycle’s line of sight within the work zone to be able to see the upcoming roadway conditions. Implementing best practices during these roadway construction activities is crucial for minimizing risks and ensuring rider safety.
Road Construction Best Practices
Use highly visible and consistent signage to warn riders of upcoming construction or maintenance activities, lane closures, and changes in road conditions. Use motorcycle specific signing when milling results in grooved pavement surfaces. Signs should be placed well in advance of the work zone to give riders ample time to react.

Ensure smooth transitions between existing pavement and new surfaces or patches. Avoid creating sudden drop-offs or raised edges that can be hazardous for motorcycles. Minimize drop-off heights between travel lanes as they can be particularly hazardous for two-wheeled vehicles, especially when paired with smaller tires such as scooters.

When encountering utility structures, i.e., manhole covers, hand holes, or gate valves, in the pavement, adjust the vertical height where possible to minimize the “dips” or “bumps” to prevent hazardous conditions. If height adjustment is not possible, ensure a smooth temporary transition to the surrounding surface.

Use appropriate surface treatments for temporary or permanent repairs. Avoid using materials that can be slippery or create uneven surfaces, especially in wet conditions.

Maintain clear lane markings and delineation throughout the work zone to guide riders safely through the area. When removing existing pavement markings, minimize the depth of marking removal to prevent hazardous conditions. Use motorcycle specific signing when milling results in uneven pavement surfaces. Use reflective materials to enhance visibility, especially at night.
how &when to apply
These best practices should be implemented on all road construction and maintenance projects, regardless of the size or duration of the project. Special attention should be given to roads with high motorcycle traffic or where motorcycle crashes have occurred in the past.
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Key Takeaways
Pros
- Reduced Risk of Crashes: Implementing these best practices can significantly reduce the risk of motorcycle crashes in construction and maintenance zones.
- Improved Rider Safety: Creates a safer environment for motorcyclists by minimizing hazards and providing clear guidance.
- Enhanced Traffic Flow: Proper traffic control and signage can help maintain smooth traffic flow through work zones. Motorcycles are particularly vulnerable where sudden movement of vehicles or quick merging areas occur. Use appropriate lane taper lengths and advance warning signs to mitigate these situations.
Cons
- Cost: Implementing these best practices can be more expensive than traditional methods.
- Time: Proper implementation may require more time for construction or maintenance activities.
- Enforcement: Effective enforcement is needed to ensure that these best practices are being followed.
- Potential for Delays: Construction and maintenance activities can inevitably lead to some delays for all road users, including motorcyclists.
Design manuals
Design Manual 1
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Design Manual 2
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Design Manual 3
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Resource Library
Addressing the Motorcyclist Advisory Council Recommendations
Chapter 3 provides a comprehensive synthesis on recommendations relating to roadway geometry, pavement design, and pavement construction and maintenance practices. Read the full article.
Geary, G. M., Dixon, K., Aspelin, K., & Manser, M. (2021). Addressing the Motorcyclist Advisory Council Recommendations: Synthesis on Roadway Geometry, Pavement Design, and Pavement Construction and Maintenance Practices (p. 80). FHWA Report SA-21-090.
Improving Motorcycle Safety by Enhancing Roadway Design
This article highlights motorcycle safety plans developed by state departments of transportation (DOTs) and motorcycle interest groups in Florida, Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Texas. These plans recommend roadway engineering strategies that address signage, pavement maintenance practices, modifications to median barriers and other countermeasures expected to reduce motorcycle crashes and motorcyclist injury severity.